Understanding the Negative Impact of Social Media on Young People

The Influence of Social Media on Mental Health

Most adolescents and young adults use social media; 35% report using at least one social media platform “almost constantly,” and 54% say it is difficult to “give up” social media. Not surprisingly, 36% admit to spending excessive time on it, compared to 8% who report spending too little time (Vogels et al., 2023). 

I've written quite a lot about this topic in the book series, 'Mental Health For Millennials' over the past seven years and want to return to this theme again as I see from news reports today that the US Surgeon General is contemplating placing a warning notice on social media, much like on packets of cigarettes and on alcohol bottles and cans. And, not before time. Many young people spend way too much time on social media, which the research is clearly stating can negatively affect their mental health, leading to anxiety and depression (Alcott et al., 2020). It is crucial to understand how social media impacts young minds.

According to a research study of American teens ages 12-15, those who used social media over three hours each day faced twice the risk of having negative mental health outcomes, including depression and anxiety symptoms.

Comparison is the thief of joy and strangers living what looks like perfect lives does not help and can lower self-esteem. Parents and educators need to talk openly to young people about this (Barry et al., 2017). They should explain that what they see online is not always real. Many people only post the best parts of their lives. You know the drill, 'living my best life' etc...

Cyberbullying

Another negative impact of social media is cyberbullying (Selkie, Fales and Moreno, 2016). Bullies can use social media to harass others. This can happen at any time, making it really hard for victims to escape. Cyberbullying can cause severe emotional pain and lead to self-harm and suicide. We have seen this in Ireland over the past decade. 

It is crucial to teach young people how to handle cyberbullying. They should know how to block bullies and report abuse. Support from friends and family is also important.

Sleep Disruption

Many young people use social media late at night, which can disrupt their sleep patterns. Lack of sleep affects their ability to concentrate in school. It can also lead to mood swings and other health issues.

Encouraging a healthy sleep routine is key. Young people should try to avoid screens at least an hour before bed. This can help them get better rest and improve their overall well-being.

Fear of Missing Out (FOMO)

Fear of missing out, or FOMO, is another issue. Social media can make young people feel like they are always missing something. They might feel pressured to stay online to keep up with everything. This can lead to stress and anxiety.

Helping young people find a balance is important. They should know it is okay to take breaks from social media. Engaging in offline activities can reduce their stress and improve their mental health.

Conclusion

Almost 25% of adolescents believe that social media has a mostly negative effect. Parents, educators, and young people themselves must work together. By promoting healthy habits and open communication, we can help young people navigate the challenges of social media.

*Niall MacGiolla Bhuí PhD is an author, editor, ghostwriter and blogger. He established The Dissertation Doctors Clinic in 2007 where he works with masters and doctoral candidates. He has lectured and presented workshops across Ireland, the UK, Sweden and coast to coast Canada. 

Useful References:

Allcott, H., Braghieri, L., Eichmeyer, S., & Gentzkow, M. The welfare effects of social media. American Economic Review, 2020; 110(3), 629-76.

American Psychological Association. Keeping teens safe on social media: What parents should know to protect their kids. https://www.apa.org/topics/social-media-internet/social-media-parent-tips. 2023.

Barry CT, Sidoti CL, Briggs SM, Reiter SR, Lindsey RA. Adolescent social media use and mental health from adolescent and parent perspectives. Journal of Adolescence. 2017; 61:1-1.

Department of Health & Human Services. Common Mental Health Disorders in Adolescence. Hhs.gov. https://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/adolescent-development/mental-health/adolescent-mental-health-basics/common-disorders/index.html. Updated Jul. 2023.

National Institute of Mental Health. Mental Illness. nih.gov. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/mental-illness.shtml. Updated February 2023.,

Selkie EM, Fales JL, Moreno MA. Cyberbullying prevalence among US middle and high school–aged adolescents: A systematic review and quality assessment. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2016; 58(2):125-33.

Vogels, Emily., Gelles-Watnick, Risa. Teens and social media: Key findings from Pew Research Center Surveys. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/04/24/teens-and-social-media-key-findings-from-pew-research-center-surveys/. 2023.